India at the Olympics

Pritchard 1900 · hockey 8 golds · Jadhav 1952 · Paes 1996 · Malleswari 2000 · Rathore 2004 · Bindra 2008 · London 6 · Rio 2 · Tokyo 7 · Paris 6 · IOC 1894 · IOA 1927

• ==1900 Paris==: India's first Olympics — lone athlete ==Norman Pritchard==, two silvers (200 m, 200 m hurdles).
• IOC founded ==1894== in Paris by ==Pierre de Coubertin==; HQ Lausanne. ==IOA== (Indian Olympic Association) formed ==1927==; it ==manages India's Olympic participation==.
• Hockey golds (==8==): ==1928 Amsterdam== (first; Dhyan Chand in the team), 1932 Los Angeles, 1936 Berlin, ==1948 London== (first as independent nation), 1952, 1956, 1964, 1980. Hockey is India's ==top medal sport and top gold sport== at the Olympics.
• 1932 LA: India beat USA ==24–1== — ==Roop Singh 10 goals==, Dhyan Chand 8.
• ==K. D. Jadhav== — wrestling bronze, Helsinki 1952: first individual medal, ==first after Independence==, first in wrestling.
• ==Leander Paes== — tennis singles bronze, ==Atlanta 1996== (ended the 44-year individual medal drought).
• ==Karnam Malleswari== — weightlifting bronze, Sydney 2000: ==first Indian woman== Olympic medallist.
• ==Rajyavardhan Rathore== — double trap silver, ==Athens 2004==: first shooting medal.
• Beijing 2008 (3): ==Abhinav Bindra== 10 m air rifle GOLD — ==first individual gold== (shooting); ==Vijender== boxing bronze (beat ==Carlos Góngora== in QF); ==Sushil== bronze via ==three repechage bouts==.
• London 2012 (==6==): Vijay Kumar silver (25 m rapid fire — ==outshot a tied rival==), Sushil silver, Gagan Narang, ==Saina==, ==Mary Kom==, Yogeshwar bronzes. ==Two women medallists for the first time==.
• Rio 2016 (==2==): P. V. Sindhu silver, ==Sakshi Malik== bronze (wrestling). India's ==golf debut== (Aditi Ashok, Lahiri, Chawrasia).
• Tokyo 2020 (==7== — best ever): ==Neeraj Chopra javelin GOLD 87.58 m== (first athletics medal in ==100+ years==; ==only athletics gold==), Mirabai Chanu S, Ravi Dahiya S, Sindhu B, Lovlina B, Bajrang B, men's hockey B.
• Paris 2024 (==6 = 0 G, 1 S, 5 B==): Neeraj silver; Manu Bhaker bronze ×2 (individual + mixed with Sarabjot), Swapnil Kusale B, hockey B, ==Aman Sehrawat== B — ==youngest Indian individual medallist== (21).
• Near misses: ==Milkha Singh 4th, 400 m, Rome 1960, 45.6 s==; ==P. T. Usha 4th, 400 m hurdles, LA 1984 by 1/100 s==.
• ==Dhanraj Pillay== played ==4 Olympics== (1992–2004).
• Olympic "gold" is ==mostly silver== (≥92.5%) with ~6 g gold plating. ==Michael Phelps==: most golds (23).
• Rings (Coubertin, 1913): blue Europe, yellow Asia, black Africa, green Oceania, red Americas — ==no Antarctica==. ==Torch relay began Berlin 1936==. Beijing hosted in ==2008==.
• LA 2028 adds ==cricket (T20)==, squash, lacrosse, flag football, baseball-softball — approved at the ==141st IOC Session, Mumbai (2023)==; ==Kabaddi NOT added==. Paris 2024 had no ==ice skating== (winter sport).

• "First Indian woman Olympic medal" = Malleswari (2000), not Usha (4th in 1984) or Mary Kom (2012).
• "First individual gold" = Bindra 2008; "first individual medal" = Jadhav 1952; "first medal after Independence" = Jadhav 1952 (the 1948 hockey gold was a team medal).
• Tokyo = 7 medals, Paris = 6, London = 6, Rio = 2 — examiners swap these.

• Medal count of a single Games (Tokyo 7, Rio 2, Paris 6 with 0-1-5 split).
• "First" questions: first woman, first individual gold, first after Independence, first in a sport.
• Statement pairs on a Games (2008, 2012) — check sport + medallist together.

Wrestling, Boxing, Judo & Combat Sports

Judo 1882 Kano · Ippon · Hajime/Matte · Greco-Roman · freestyle 1904 · women 2004 · Vienna 1904 · 708 BCE · TKO · Mary Kom · Vijender · parry/riposte/lunge · Kendo shinai · Taekwondo

• Judo: founded ==1882== by ==Jigoro Kano==, Japan, from ==Japanese jujutsu==. Olympic 1964 (men), 1992 (women). India's ==first National Judo Championship 1966==.
• Judo terms: ==Hajime== start · ==Matte== stop · ==Toketa== hold broken · ==Kuzushi== breaking balance · ==Ippon== full point, ==match ends== · ==Waza-ari== half point · ==Hansoku-make== major breach (disqualification) · Shime-waza = strangles (not arm locks) · 6th kyu = beginner. ==No "rainbow belt"==. Contest area ==8×8 m== + safety zone; ==blue judoka called first==.
• ==Tulika Maan== — judo (CWG 2022 silver).
• Taekwondo (Korea): ==Tae== foot · ==Kwon== fist/hand · ==Do== way/discipline · ==Dojang== training hall.
• Wrestling in ancient Olympics: ==708 BCE==. Modern ==freestyle debut 1904 St Louis==; ==women's wrestling 2004 Athens==. ==First World Championships: Vienna== (1904).
• ==Greco-Roman== = no holds below the waist. Styles: freestyle, Greco-Roman (there is no "Indo-Roman"). ==Takedown== earns technical points. Bout officials: ==referee, judge, mat chairman==.
• ==Pro Wrestling League== began ==2015==; first final in ==New Delhi==.
• Boxing: ==TKO = Technical Knockout== (referee stops the bout). Technique areas: offensive actions, ==shadow boxing==, distance.
• ==Mary Kom==: ==first Indian woman world boxing champion== (6 world titles), London 2012 bronze; last major gold ==President's Cup, Labuan Bajo, Indonesia 2019==.
• ==Vijender Singh== (Bhiwani, ==Haryana==) — 2008 bronze. ==Sarita Devi== refused her bronze at ==Incheon 2014 Asian Games== and was banned.
• Fencing: ==parry== deflect · ==riposte== counter after parry · ==lunge== forward attack · feint = fake. ==Bhavani Devi== — first Indian Olympic fencer (Tokyo 2020).
• ==Kendo== (Japan) uses the bamboo ==shinai==. ==Gatka== is Punjab's Sikh martial art.

• Freestyle 1904 vs women's 2004 — same digits, 100 years apart.
• "Ippon ends the match" is correct; "Hansoku-make is a minor penalty" is wrong (it is disqualification).
• Shime-waza = choking techniques; arm locks are Kansetsu-waza.

• Match-the-term tables (judo, taekwondo) — learn both columns.
• "Which style bans holds below the waist?" → Greco-Roman.
• Olympic debut years of wrestling events.

Asian & South Asian Games

AGF 1949 · New Delhi 1951 · 51 medals (15-16-20) · 2nd · Sachin Nag · hosted 1951 & 1982 · every 4 yrs · Kabaddi 1990 · chess 2006 · hockey gold 1966 · Hangzhou 107, 4th · SAF 1984 Kathmandu

• ==Asian Games Federation== formed in ==New Delhi, 1949==. Games held ==every 4 years== (now run by OCA).
• ==First Asian Games: New Delhi, 1951== (11 nations). India ==2nd== (behind Japan) with ==51 medals: 15 G, 16 S, 20 B== — ==bronze highest==.
• ==Sachin Nag== — 100 m freestyle 1951: ==India's first-ever Asian Games gold== (swimming). India's first athletics gold also came in ==1951==. Men's javelin gold 1951 went to ==Japan==.
• India hosted ==twice==: 1951 and 1982 (both New Delhi).
• Firsts: volleyball ==men 1958==, ==women 1962== · men's hockey gold ==1966 Bangkok== · Kabaddi gold ==1990 Beijing== (unbeaten until ==2018 Jakarta==, lost to Iran; ==gold again 2022, 1st==) · ==chess added 2006 Doha== · men's TT first medal ==2018== (team bronze) · gymnastics first medal ==Ashish Kumar 2010== · ==Kamaljeet Sandhu 400 m 1970== = first woman track gold.
• ==Tajinderpal Singh Toor== — shot put gold 2018 & 2022. ==Praveen Kumar Sobti== — discus. ==Satwik–Chirag== men's doubles gold (2022 Games) → Khel Ratna 2023.
• ==Hangzhou 2022 (held 2023)==: ==107 medals (28 G, 38 S, 41 B)==, ==4th== — first 100+ haul.
• ==Santhi Soundarajan== lost her 800 m silver (Doha 2006) — ==gender-verification test==. ==Sarita Devi== medal protest (2014).
• South Asian (SAF) Games: ==first 1984 Kathmandu==; India hosted ==1987 (first time, Calcutta)==, 1995, 2016. ==2017 Asian Athletics Championships: Bhubaneswar==.
• Current: 20th Asian Games — Aichi-Nagoya, Japan (19 Sep–4 Oct 2026).

• Kabaddi's first missed gold is 2018, not 2014.
• 1951 medal split: 15 G / 16 S / 20 B — "which was highest?" → bronze.
• Santhi Soundarajan's case was a gender test even though the question says "drug test".

• 1951 numbers: total, rank, golds, silvers — 5 separate PYQs!
• "First Asian Games medal/gold in X" series.
• Hangzhou total and rank.

Badminton, Table Tennis, Tennis & Squash

Court 13.40×6.10 (singles 5.18) · 21×3 · Thomas Cup 1948 · Padukone · Srikanth · TT 11 pts, 2 serves, 40 mm, 2.7 g · ITTF 1926 · Seoul 1988 · tennis 56–59.4 g · 7-pt tiebreak · clay = French Open · SRFI Chennai

• Badminton court: ==13.40 m== long; ==singles width 5.18 m==, doubles ==6.10 m==. Match: best of 3 games of ==21== points (rally scoring). Badminton uses a shuttlecock — ==not a ball== — and can be played ==singles or doubles==.
• Faults: ==server stepping on the boundary line== while serving. Strokes: ==net kill== (forecourt), ==drive== (midcourt), ==clear== (rear court).
• ==Thomas Cup== (men's team) first held ==1948(–49)==. ==Prakash Padukone== — badminton; ==first CWG badminton gold (1978)==. ==Kidambi Srikanth== — ==first Indian man in a World Championships final== (2021). ==Pramod Bhagat== — ==para-badminton== (Arjuna awardee).
• India Open: ==2019 in New Delhi==; ==2024 at K. D. Jadhav Indoor Stadium, New Delhi==.
• Table tennis: ==ITTF 1926==; Olympic debut ==Seoul 1988==. Ball ==40 mm==, ==2.7 g==. Game to ==11== points; ==each player serves 2 points==; at ==10–10 service alternates every point== (not two). A ==rally== = period the ball is in play.
• Tennis: ==Grand Slam== = Australian Open, ==French Open (red clay)==, Wimbledon (grass), US Open. Ball ==56.0–59.4 g==. Tiebreak: first to ==7 with a 2-point margin==; deciding sets now use a tiebreak at ==6–6== (10-point, since 2022). ==Deuce== = 40–40; ==advantage in/out== follow.
• ==Leander Paes== — Olympic bronze, Atlanta 1996.
• Squash: ==SRFI HQ Chennai==. Tin ==48 cm== high; short line 4.26 m from back wall. Server alternates service boxes and must hit the front wall.

• Singles width 5.18 m vs doubles 6.10 m — both are usually in the options.
• TT at 10–10: every point, not every two points.
• Clay = French Open only; Wimbledon = grass.

• Dimensions/weights (court width, ball diameter, ball weight).
• "Which sport uses deuce / advantage / grand slam?" → tennis.
• Assertion–reason on squash serve rules.

Athletics (Track & Field)

Lanes 1.22–1.25 m · crouch start · relay zone 30 m, squad 6 · steeplechase 28+7, England 1850 · 3 failures · shot 7.26 kg · marathon 42.195 km · Helsinki 1983 · Anju 2003 · Neeraj 86.48 · AFI

• Lanes: ==1.22–1.25 m== wide, marked by ==5 cm lines==. Sprints use the ==crouch start==.
• Relay: baton exchange zone ==30 m==; a team may name ==6 athletes, 4 run==.
• ==Steeplechase==: originated in ==England c. 1850==; 3000 m has 28 barrier jumps and ==7 water jumps==. ==Avinash Sable== — steeplechase; ==CWG 2022 silver + Asian Games 2022 gold==.
• High jump / pole vault: ==3 consecutive failures== = out. High jump runway at least ==15 m==. Elite long jumpers use about ==22–26 strides== (per key). Pole vault is a jump; ==discus is a throw==.
• Javelin must land within the ==sector==; distance depends on ==release angle + release velocity==. ==Women's javelin entered the Olympics in 1932==.
• Men's ==shot put weighs 7.26 kg== (women 4 kg). ==Shot put uses no stick==.
• Marathon ==42.195 km = 26.2 miles==; the ==1896 marathon ran Marathon → Athens==. Triathlon (Olympic): ==1.5 km swim==, 40 km cycle, 10 km run. ==Decathlon (10) & heptathlon (7)== are athletics combined events.
• ==First World Athletics Championships: Helsinki 1983==. ==Anju Bobby George== (long jump bronze, 2003) = ==first Indian medal at the Worlds==.
• ==Neeraj Chopra==: ==86.48 m world U20 record (2016)== — first Indian athletics world record; Tokyo gold; Worlds gold 2023; first Indian past 90 m (2025).
• ==Milkha Singh== = "==Flying Sikh==". ==AFI== conducts the Senior National Athletics Championships. Track-event rules are grouped into ==4 phases== (per key).

• Exchange zone was 20 m before 2018 — the current answer is 30 m.
• Marathon is 26.2 miles, not km.
• Anju Bobby George is the first Indian at the Worlds, man or woman.

• Numbers: lane width, zone length, water jumps, shot weight, attempts.
• Athlete ↔ event (Sable–steeplechase, Toor–shot put, Sobti–discus).

Basketball, Volleyball & Handball

Naismith 1891 USA · FIBA · 5 a side · 4×10 min · 24 s shot clock · swish · double dribble · 2 rebounds · volleyball 1964 Olympics · 6 subs/set · handball 6+GK · 60 min · Rohtak 1972 · baseball 3 strikes

• Basketball: invented by ==Dr James Naismith, 1891, USA==; governed by ==FIBA==. ==5 players== on court. FIBA game = ==four 10-minute quarters==. ==24-second shot clock==. First Indian nationals ==1934==.
• Terms: ==swish== (clean through the net), ==double dribble== (dribble ends when ==both hands touch the ball==), ==personal foul== (illegal contact), rebounds of ==2 kinds== (offensive, defensive), dribbling, circle centre, ==three-point line==. Scores are "==points==".
• Free throw: ==5 s (FIBA)==; 10 s in the NBA (source key uses 10 s).
• Volleyball: ==Olympic debut 1964 Tokyo==; ==FIVB allows 6 substitutions per set==. Serves include the ==jump serve and float serve==. 2020 Senior Nationals in ==Bhubaneswar==.
• Handball: ==7 per side = 6 court players + goalkeeper==; ==60 minutes== (2 × 30). ==Penalty line and free-throw line== are handball terms; free-throw line is ==broken, 3 m outside the goal area==. Pulling/punching the ball from an opponent is ==not allowed==. First senior nationals: ==Rohtak, 1972==.
• Baseball: ==3 strikes== and the batter is out.

• Basketball player count 5; handball 7 (6 + GK); volleyball 6 — examiners mix these.
• FIBA quarters 10 min; NBA 12 min.

• "Term X belongs to which sport?"
• Inventor/origin (Naismith–basketball).

Hockey

Field 91.40×55 · D 14.63 m · goal 2.14×3.66 · stick 105 cm · 4×15 · FIH Paris 1924 · first club Calcutta 1885–86 · WC 1975 · women Olympics 1980 · HIL 2013 · Beighton · Rangaswamy · Dhyan Chand

• Pitch ==91.40 m × 55 m== (100 × 60 yd). ==Shooting circle ("D") 14.63 m== (16 yd). ==Goal 2.14 m high × 3.66 m wide==. ==Stick max 105 cm==.
• Match (FIH) = ==4 quarters × 15 min==. Game starts after a ==coin toss==; the winner chooses the end to attack. Field goals only from ==inside the circle==; ==penalty corner==, penalty stroke. Terms: flagposts, nets, stick.
• ==FIH founded Paris, 1924== — HQ now ==Lausanne, Switzerland==. ==Asian Hockey Federation HQ: Kuala Lumpur==.
• ==First hockey club in India: Calcutta, 1885–86==. ==Beighton Cup== (1895) — among the oldest tournaments. ==Rangaswamy Cup== — men's national championship.
• India won the ==World Cup in 1975== (Kuala Lumpur). ==2010 World Cup: New Delhi==. ==2016 Junior World Cup final: Lucknow==.
• Women's hockey entered the Olympics at ==Moscow 1980== — India's women ==qualified first in 1980== too.
• ==Hockey India League== began ==2013==: opener in ==Delhi==, ==final in Ranchi==. ==Kalinga Lancers = Odisha==.
• ==Dhyan Chand== = "==Wizard of Hockey==" (birthday 29 Aug = National Sports Day). ==Chak De! India== is based on ==Mir Ranjan Negi==.
• Ice hockey: rink fences = ==boards==; restart = ==puck drop==.

• ⚠ One PYQ key says FIH HQ is in the Netherlands — correct answer is Lausanne, Switzerland.
• Goal height 2.14 m and width 3.66 m — reversed pairs appear as options.

• Dimensions (D radius, width, goal, stick).
• League/team ↔ state; venue of a final.

National Games & Khelo India

Lahore 1924 · renamed 1940 · Lucknow 1948 · 1954 Delhi · 1956 Patiala · 1958 & 1970 Cuttack · 1964 Calcutta · 1966 Bangalore · 1968 Madras · 1979 Hyderabad · 1985 Delhi · 1987 Kerala · 1994 Pune · 2001 Punjab · 2002 AP · 2007 Assam · 2011 Jharkhand · 2015 Kerala · every 2 yrs · Bhalindra Singh Trophy

• Began as the ==Indian Olympic Games, Lahore, 1924== (Harry Crowe Buck, A. G. Noehren); ==renamed National Games in 1940==. ==First after Independence: 1948 Lucknow==. Held ==every 2 years== (nominally).
• Host cities: ==1954 New Delhi · 1956 Patiala · 1958 Cuttack · 1964 Calcutta · 1966 Bangalore · 1968 Madras · 1970 Cuttack · 1979 Hyderabad==.
• ==1985 New Delhi== — ==first modern, Olympic-style== edition; ==Kho-Kho introduced==. ==1987 Kerala · 1994 Pune (Maharashtra)== · 1999 Manipur · ==2001 Punjab== · ==2002 (32nd) Andhra Pradesh== · ==2007 (33rd) Assam== · ==2011 (34th) Jharkhand — opened at Birsa Munda Stadium, Ranchi== · ==2015 (35th) Kerala== · 2022 Gujarat · 2023 Goa · 2025 Uttarakhand (38th).
• Overall champions receive the ==Raja Bhalindra Singh Trophy==.
• Khelo India: ==first Khelo India (Youth) Games — New Delhi, 2018==; promotes ==sports culture among youth==. ==Khelo India University Games 2025 in Rajasthan==, announced by ==Mansukh Mandaviya==.
• Infrastructure: ==SAI 1984== (not 1985) · ==National Sports University — Manipur== · ==Army Sports Institute — Pune== · ==NIS — Patiala==. Inter-university sport is run by AIU.

• Cuttack hosted twice (1958, 1970); Kerala twice (1987, 2015).
• "First National Games" = Lahore 1924; "first after Independence" = Lucknow 1948; "first modern/Olympic-style" = New Delhi 1985.

• Year → host city (Delhi Police papers asked 15+ of these).
• Edition number → state (32nd AP, 33rd Assam, 35th Kerala).

Other Sports, Traditional Games & Terms

Eagle–golf · spare–bowling · X-ring, Robin Hood, fletching–archery · triple axel–skating · cue–snooker · keirin–cycling · clean & press dropped 1972 · FISA · IWF Lausanne · NRAI · Kambala · Gatka · periodization

• Golf: ==eagle== = 2 under par (birdie 1, albatross 3). Golf is a ==ball sport==. ==First Indian Open golf: New Delhi, 1964==.
• Bowling: ==spare== (all pins in two balls), strike. Archery: ==X-ring== (innermost ten, tiebreaker), ==Robin Hood== (arrow splits one already in the target), ==fletching== (feathers/vanes).
• Figure skating: ==triple axel==. Ice hockey: ==puck drop, boards==. Snooker/billiards: ==cue== — ==Pankaj Advani== (Khel Ratna 2006). Track cycling: ==keirin==.
• Weightlifting: snatch, clean & jerk; ==clean and press removed after 1972==. ==IWF HQ: Lausanne==.
• Rowing body ==World Rowing = FISA==. Shooting nationals run by ==NRAI==.
• Traditional: ==Kambala== (buffalo race) — ==Karnataka== · ==Gatka== — ==Punjab== · Vallamkali — Kerala. The ==Ramayana and Mahabharata== describe ==archery and wrestling==.
• Match-ups: ==AIFF–football, HI–hockey, BFI–boxing== · ==Test–cricket, knockout–boxing, round robin–football== · ==Raid–kabaddi, en passant–chess, knock-out–wrestling==.
• 2023 events: ==FIH Hockey WC — Bhubaneswar==, ==MotoGP Bharat — Buddh Circuit==, ==IBA Women's Boxing — New Delhi==, ==IOC Session — Mumbai==. National Lawn Bowls 2023: ==Guwahati==.
• ==Arjuna Award== — sports. ==Periodization== = varying training load to peak on time.

• Eagle (−2) vs birdie (−1).
• Keirin is cycling, not rowing or canoe.

• "Term ↔ sport" one-liners — the easiest marks in the paper.

Kabaddi & Kho-Kho

Rules Maharashtra 1918/1923 · AIKF 1950 · 7 on court · 30 s raid · 2×20 + 5 · lobby after contact · golden raid toss · ankle/knee hold · no "dash" · Kho-Kho 12/9 · KKFI 1955 · Vijayawada · NG 1985 · biped

• Kabaddi rules first framed in ==Maharashtra== — ==1918, printed 1923==. ==All India Kabaddi Federation: 1950==. Played on a ==circular or rectangular court==; the ==raider== chants "kabaddi".
• ==7 players== per side on court. Raid limit ==30 s==. Men: ==2 × 20 min with a 5-min break==.
• ==Lobby== becomes active only ==after raider–defender contact==. If tied after 5 raids each, a ==fresh toss== precedes the Golden Raid.
• Raiding skills: ==toe touch, hand touch, dubki== (not "dash"). Defensive: ==ankle hold, knee hold==.
• Asian Games gold ==1990== onward; first loss ==2018==; ==1st again in 2022==. 2021 Senior Nationals (men) — ==Ayodhya==. "Father of Kabaddi" per key: ==Harjeet Brar==.
• Kho-Kho: team of ==12, 9 on field==; field is ==rectangular==; poles 1.20–1.25 m. A chaser may ==change direction only in the free zones==. ==Biped== = runner on two legs. Warm-ups: ==frog jump, zig-zag running==.
• ==KKFI founded 1955== (conducts nationals). ==First All India Kho-Kho Championship: Vijayawada==. ==National Games entry: 1985==. First Kho-Kho World Cup (New Delhi, 2025) — India won both titles.

• Kabaddi: 7 on court vs Kho-Kho: 9 on field — both from a 12-member squad.
• Kho-Kho in National Games 1985, not 1935/1965.

• Numbers (players, raid time, match duration).
• "Which is NOT a raiding skill?"

Football

Goal 7.32×2.44 · centre circle 9.15 · length 90–120 m · 2×45 · brace · own goal · GK 6 s → indirect FK · golden goal ended 2004 · AIFF · Santosh · Subroto (Delhi) · Kolkata/Mohun Bagan · 1950 WC · Qatar 2022

• ==Goal 7.32 m wide × 2.44 m high==. ==Centre circle radius 9.15 m==. Field length ==90–120 m==. Match ==90 min = 2 × 45==. Only the goalkeeper may use ==hands==; ==shin guards== are mandatory.
• ==Brace== = two goals by a player; ==own goal== = into one's own net. ==Goalkeeper holding the ball over 6 s → indirect free kick== (2025 law change: over 8 s now gives a corner). ==Golden goal abolished 2004==.
• ==AIFF== governs Indian football. ==Santosh Trophy (1941)== — named after ==Sir Manmatha Nath Roy Chowdhury==, Maharaja of Santosh. ==Subroto Cup== — inter-school, held yearly in ==New Delhi==.
• ==Kolkata== — traditional hub; ==Mohun Bagan== is based there.
• India qualified for the ==1950 World Cup (Brazil)== but did not play. ==2022 World Cup: Qatar==.
• Venues: ==Intercontinental Cup 2018 — Mumbai== · ==first IWL final 2017 — New Delhi== · ==ISL 2015 final — Goa==. ==Gurpreet Singh Sandhu== — first Indian in a top-tier European league (Norway, 2016).

• 7.32 m is the width; 2.44 m the height; 8.32 m and 2.14 m are distractors (2.14 m is hockey).
• Centre circle 9.15 m — not the 11 m penalty spot distance.

• Dimension "which statement is correct" items.
• Trophy ↔ sport ↔ name origin.

Cricket

BCCI 1928 · Ranji 1934–35 Bombay · first Test win Madras 1952 · first ODI Melbourne 1971 · WC 1975 England · 1983 · T20 WC 2007 · IPL 2008 · pink ball Kolkata · Wankhede · Moin-ud-Dowla · DLS · bowl-out → super over

• ==BCCI 1928==; runs the ==Ranji Trophy== (first won by ==Bombay, 1934–35==). ==Moin-ud-Dowla Gold Cup== — cricket (Hyderabad). ==Wankhede Stadium — Mumbai==.
• ==India's first Test win: Madras (Chennai), 1952== vs England.
• ==First ODI: Melbourne, 1971==. ==First World Cup 1975 — England==. India's ==first ODI World Cup: 1983==. ==First men's T20 World Cup: 2007==. ==IPL began 2008==.
• India's first day-night Test (Kolkata, 2019) used a ==pink ball==.
• Champions Trophy 2025 Group A: ==India, Pakistan, NZ, Bangladesh== (==Afghanistan was in Group B==).
• Bowling: ==out-swinger== moves away from a right-hander; bouncer, leg cutter, in-swinger are pace; ==Chinaman is spin==. ==Popping crease==. Fielding: extra cover, third man, fine leg.
• ==DLS== uses ==overs and wickets remaining==. ==Super Over replaced the bowl-out==. ==Wide== = ball out of the batter's reach. The ==bowler doesn't wear a helmet==; the ==keeper stops balls with gloved hands==.
• Current: India won the ==Women's ODI World Cup 2025== (Navi Mumbai).

• ⚠ 1952 Madras was India's first Test WIN; the series was drawn 1–1.
• Chinaman = left-arm wrist spin, not pace.

• "First" years (ODI, WC, T20 WC, IPL).
• Term/position recognition.

Commonwealth Games

Hamilton, Canada 1930 · 1934 Rashid Anwar · 1958 Milkha & Lila Ram · 1974 = 15 · 1978 Padukone · 1990 = 32 · Delhi 2010 = 101, 2nd (27 S) · shooting top · 2022 wrestling 12 (6 G) · Sanket Sargar · Naik 2010 / Neeraj 2018

• ==First CWG: Hamilton, Canada, 1930== (British Empire Games).
• India's first medal: ==Rashid Anwar==, wrestling bronze, ==London 1934== (only medal). ==First gold: Milkha Singh== (440 yd, Cardiff 1958) — ==athletics==. ==Lila Ram== won heavyweight wrestling gold in 1958.
• ==Christchurch 1974: 15 medals==. ==Prakash Padukone — first badminton gold (1978)==. ==Auckland 1990: 32 medals==.
• ==Delhi 2010==: 101 medals (38 G, ==27 S==, 36 B) — ==India's only 2nd-place finish==. ==Shooting== is India's top CWG medal sport.
• ==Birmingham 2022==: first medal ==Sanket Sargar== (weightlifting); wrestlers won ==12 medals (6 gold)==.
• Javelin: ==Neeraj Chopra gold, 2018 Gold Coast== (Kashinath Naik won bronze in 2010). 2008 ==Commonwealth Youth Games: Pune==.
• Upcoming: 2030 CWG (centenary edition) — Ahmedabad.

• ⚠ PYQ key says India's first CWG javelin medal was 2018; Kashinath Naik already won bronze in 2010 — pick 2018 only if 2010 isn't offered.
• First CWG gold sport = athletics, not wrestling.

• Edition medal counts (1974, 1990, 2010).
• "First Indian to…" at the CWG.

Chess

8×8 · checkmate = Shah Mat · castling · en passant immediately · promotion not king · zugzwang · Queen's Gambit · bishop diagonal · GM highest · Anand first GM · Chennai · Asian Games 2006 · Sindarov (Uzbekistan) 2025

• Board ==8 × 8== (64 squares). ==Checkmate== = king attacked with no escape → ==game ends== (Persian "Shah Mat").
• ==Castling== moves king + rook (only if ==neither has moved==). ==En passant== must be played ==immediately==. A pawn ==promotes to any piece except king== (not limited to captured pieces).
• ==Zugzwang== — every move worsens your position. ==Queen's Gambit (Declined)== — opening. ==Bishop moves diagonally, stays on its colour==.
• ==Grandmaster== is the highest title; ==Viswanathan Anand — India's first GM (1988)==. ==Chennai== = chess hub of India.
• Chess entered the ==Asian Games in 2006==.
• ==2025 FIDE World Cup (Goa): Javokhir Sindarov, Uzbekistan==. D. Gukesh — youngest world champion (2024).

• Promotion "only to captured pieces" is false.

• "Term → sport" (zugzwang, gambit, en passant).
• FIDE rule statements.

Swimming, Aquatics & Gymnastics

Butterfly = simultaneous arms · backstroke on back · sculling · pool 25–28 °C · SFI 1949 · SP Mookerjee complex Delhi · water polo terms · women 4 apparatus · trampoline separate · GFI 1951 · Alappuzha · Chundan Vallam

• Swimming techniques: ==strokes, starts, turns==. ==Butterfly== — both arms together in a circular motion. ==Backstroke== — ==stay on the back except during turns==. ==Sculling== — figure-eight hand movements underwater to hold balance.
• Competition water must be ==25–28 °C==. Men and women swim ==identical freestyle distances==; IM up to ==400 m==.
• ==Swimming association: 1949==. ==Dr S. P. Mookerjee Swimming Complex — New Delhi== (1982 Asian Games).
• Water polo: centre forward = attack · driver = perimeter · centre back = defence · dead-time = stoppage after a foul. ==Surfing== is a water sport.
• Gymnastics: ==GFI 1951==; ==women 4 apparatus== (vault, bars, beam, floor); men 6. ==Trampoline is a separate discipline== from artistic gymnastics.
• Boat racing: ==Alappuzha, Kerala== (Nehru Trophy); ==Chundan Vallam== = snake boat of Vallamkali.

• Olympic lane width 3 m is false (it's 2.5 m); water temperature is the true statement.

• Stroke descriptions.
• Apparatus count.

Anti-Doping & Sports Bodies

Doping = banned substances/methods · 1999 Lausanne conference → WADA · NADA New Delhi · Speak Up! · whereabouts · strict liability · narcotics morphine/methadone · steroids → long ban · Rani Yadav 2010

• ==Doping== = use of ==banned substances or methods== to enhance performance.
• IOC held the ==First World Conference on Doping in Sport — February 1999, Lausanne, Switzerland== → ==WADA== (anti-doping) formed 1999.
• ==NADA== — ==New Delhi==; ==tests Indian athletes==. ==Speak Up!== portal = ==report violations confidentially==.
• Athletes must ==file whereabouts==; they ==cannot delegate sample collection==. ==Strict liability== — responsible for anything found in their body.
• Narcotics: ==morphine, methadone==. ==Anabolic steroids== → disqualification and long or lifetime bans.
• ==Rani Yadav== (race walk) failed a dope test at ==CWG 2010==.
• HQs: IOC, FIH, IWF — Lausanne · AHF — Kuala Lumpur · SRFI — Chennai · NADA — New Delhi.

• Santhi Soundarajan (2006) = gender test, not doping.

• Body ↔ function (WADA, NADA, IOA, SAI).

Paralympics, Winter & Youth Games

Petkar 1972 gold · Deepa Malik first woman · Jhajharia gold javelin · Bujakowski 1964 · Shailaja Kumar 1988 · Neha Ahuja 2006 · Keshavan 6 Games · Arif Khan 2022 · Turin 2006 · YOG Singapore 2010 · Jeremy Lalrinnunga · CYG Pune 2008

• ==Murlikant Petkar== — swimming gold, ==1972 Heidelberg==: India's ==first Paralympic medal==.
• ==Deepa Malik== — shot put silver, Rio 2016: ==first Indian woman Paralympic medallist==.
• Match: ==Joginder Singh Bedi — silver, shot put== · ==Devendra Jhajharia — gold, javelin== · ==Rajinder Singh Rahelu — bronze, powerlifting== · ==Bhimrao Kesarkar — silver, javelin==.
• Winter Olympics: debut ==1964 (Jeremy Bujakowski)==. ==Shailaja Kumar (1988)== — first woman; ==Neha Ahuja (2006)== — first to qualify on standards. ==Shiva Keshavan — luge, six Games==. ==Arif Khan — 2 alpine events, Beijing 2022==. ==2006 Games: Turin==.
• Youth Olympics: ==first 2010 Singapore==. India's ==first YOG gold: Jeremy Lalrinnunga== (weightlifting, 2018). ==Commonwealth Youth Games 2008: Pune==.

• Bujakowski was first because India entered in 1964; the post-1968 gap isn't the reason.

• Match-the-following on Paralympians.
• Assertion–reason on Winter Olympics.